Psychometric Properties of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale in a Sample of Adolescents from Ecuador.

The Kessler psychological distress scale is a useful tool for identifying possible psychological problems and has been widely used in research and health services. Unfortunately, its application in various populations has not always been psychometrically supported. For this reason, the present study investigated the psychometric properties of its Spanish version in adolescents, verifying its factorial structure, measurement invariance by gender, internal consistency and the discrimination and difficulty parameters of its items according to the Item Response Theory (IRT). A sample of 5132 Ecuadorian adolescents was evaluated. The sample is equally distributed between male and female participants (50%) and basic and higher education (51% the former). All participants were between 11 and 20 years old. The results show that a 9-item version with correlated intercepts presents the best fit. In addition, it is invariant by gender at a strict level and has adequate internal consistency. IRT analyses indicated that all the items, except for item eight, present adequate discrimination and difficulty. Based on these results, we conclude that the 9-item version of the Psychological Distress Scale is the most appropriate for this population.

Factores sociodemográficos y educativos asociados a la procrastinación académica en adolescentes ecuatorianos / Fatores associados à procrastinação acadêmica em uma amostra de estudantes do Equador / Socio-demographic and educational factors associated with academic procrastination in Ecuadorian adolescents

El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar los factores asociados a la procrastinación en una muestra de 210 estudiantes de educación básica y bachillerato de una institución educativa de Salcedo (Ecuador) con una media de M=13.81 años y una desviación estándar de DE=1.81 años. Para ello se aplicó la escala de Procrastinación Académica (EPA) y se analizaron los resultados de la misma con factores como el género, la procedencia (urbano/rural), el año académico, la situación económica y las actividades extracurriculares (estudiar y apoyar en empresas familiares o solo estudiar). Se encuentra que la situación económica y la ocupación tienen relación estadísticamente significativa (p< ,05) con la procrastinación académica. Siendo que los que tienen una situación económica mejor procrastinan menos al igual que los que apoyan en negocios familiares. Por otra parte, se encuentra que la procrastinación varía en base al año académico. Se concluye que la PA es sensible ante factores de carácter socioeconómico, académico y familiar.(AU)

This research aims to determine the factors associated with procrastination on a sample of 210 students of basic and baccalaureate education in Salcedo (Ecuador) with a mean of 13.81 of age and a standard deviation of 1.81 of age. The Academic Procrastination Scale (APS) was conducted based on gender, background (urban/rural), academic year, economic status, after school activities (such as studying and supporting family businesses or simply studying). The findings show that economic status and day-to-day activities are significantly associated (p< .05) with academic procrastination. Hence, those who procrastinate less are better off financially or support their family business. On the other hand, it was found that procrastination vary by school year. Results indicate that Academic Procrastination (AP) is particularly sensitive to socioeconomic, academic and family factors.(AU)

Procrastinação em uma amostra de 210 estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio de uma instituição de ensino de Salcedo (Equador) com média de M = 13,81 anos e desvio padrão de DP = 1,81 anos. Para isso, foi aplicada a escala de Procrastinação Acadêmica (EPA) e seus resultados foram analisados com fatores como sexo, procedência (urbana / rural), ano acadêmico, situação econômica e atividades extracurriculares (estudo e apoio em empresas familiares ou apenas estudar). Verifica-se que a situação econômica e a ocupação têm uma relação estatisticamente significante (p <, 05) com a procrastinação acadêmica. Sendo que aqueles que têm uma melhor situação econômica procrastinam menos como aqueles que apóiam nas empresas familiares. Por outro lado, verifica-se que a procrastinação varia de acordo com o ano acadêmico. Conclui-se que a PA é sensível a fatores socioeconômicos, acadêmicos e familiares.(AU)

Structure of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Across Eight World Regions.

The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention over the past 15 years. We examined the structure of these traits' measure-the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD)-in a sample of 11,488 participants from three W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., North America, Oceania, Western Europe) and five non-W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., Asia, Middle East, non-Western Europe, South America, sub-Saharan Africa) world regions. The results confirmed the measurement invariance of the DTDD across participants' sex in all world regions, with men scoring higher than women on all traits (except for psychopathy in Asia, where the difference was not significant). We found evidence for metric (and partial scalar) measurement invariance within and between W.E.I.R.D. and non-W.E.I.R.D. world regions. The results generally support the structure of the DTDD.

Estructura factorial y fiabilidad del Cyberbullying Questionnaire (CBQ) y su complemento (CBQ-V) en adolescentes ecuatorianos / Factorial structure and reliability of Cyberbullying Questionnaire (CBQ) and her complement (BCQ-V) in ecuadorian teenagers

Resumen Analizar la estructura factorial y la fiabilidad del Cyberbullying Questionnaire (CBQ), que mide la perpetración del cyberbullying, y además medir su complemento, la victimización (CBQ-V) en una muestra de adolescentes tungurahuenses. El estudio es de carácter instrumental para constatar la construcción factorial y la consistencia interna de las pruebas en una muestra de 998 estudiantes de bachillerato de seis centros educativos de Tungurahua. Se encontró que el CBQ explica el 58.5% de la varianza con tres factores con valores de S-B c2= 29.5;gl= 24;p> .05; S-B c2/gl= 1.2; NNFI = .95; CFI = .96; GFI = .90 y RMSEA = .08 IC 90% [.10 - .05]. Mientras que el CBQ-V igualmente con tres factores explica el 52.6% de la varianza con S-B c2= 29.5;gl= 24;p> .05; S-B c2/gl= 1.2; NNFI = .95; CFI = .96; GFI = .90 y RMSEA = .08 IC 90% [.10 - .05]. En cuanto a la fiabilidad, los puntajes alcanzados para el CBQ es α(ordinal)= .903 y CBQ-V es α(ordinal)= .879. Se concluye quelas pruebas bajo análisis son válidas como constructo y fiables en estudiantes de bachillerato de Tungurahua.

Abstract To analyze the factor structure and reliability of the Cyberbullying Questionnaire (CBQ), which measures the prevalence of cyberbullying; as well as measure the complement on victimization (CBQ-V).The study is instrumental in verifying the factorial construction and internal consistency of the tests in a sample of 998 high school students from six educational centres in Tungurahua. It was found that the CBQ explains 58.5% of the variance with three factors with values of S-B c2= 29.5;df= 24;p> .05; S-B c2/df= 1.2; NNFI = .95; CFI = .96; GFI = .90 and RMSEA = .08 IC 90% [.10 - .05]. While the CBQ-V also with three factors explains 52.6% of the variance with S-B c2= 29.5;df= 24;p> .05; S-B c2/df= 1.2; NNFI = .95; CFI = .96; GFI = .90 and RMSEA = .08 IC 90% [.10 -.05]. Regarding reliability, the scores reached for the CBQ is α(ordinal)= .903 and CBQ-V is α(ordinal)= .879. It is concluded that the tests under analysis are valid as a construct and reliable in Tungurahua high school students.

Factores sociodemográficos y educativos asociados a la procrastinación académica en adolescentes ecuatorianos

El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar los factores asociados a la procrastinación en una muestra de 210 estudiantes de educación básica y bachillerato de una institución educativa de Salcedo (Ecuador) con una media de M=13.81 años y una desviación estándar de DE=1.81 años. Para ello se aplicó la escala de Procrastinación Académica (EPA) y se analizaron los resultados de la misma con factores como el género, la procedencia (urbano/rural), el año académico, la situación económica y las actividades extracurriculares (estudiar y apoyar en empresas familiares o solo estudiar). Se encuentra que la situación económica y la ocupación tienen relación estadísticamente significativa (p< ,05) con la procrastinación académica. Siendo que los que tienen una situación económica mejor procrastinan menos al igual que los que apoyan en negocios familiares. Por otra parte, se encuentra que la procrastinación varía en base al año académico. Se concluye que la PA es sensible ante factores de carácter socioeconómico, académico y familiar.

This research aims to determine the factors associated with procrastination on a sample of 210 students of basic and baccalaureate education in Salcedo (Ecuador) with a mean of 13.81 of age and a standard deviation of 1.81 of age. The Academic Procrastination Scale (APS) was conducted based on gender, background (urban/ rural), academic year, economic status, after school activities (such as studying and supporting family businesses or simply studying). The findings show that economic status and day-to-day activities are significantly associated (p< .05) with academic procrastination. Hence, those who procrastinate less are better off financially or support their family business. On the other hand, it was found that procrastination vary by school year. Results indicate that Academic Procrastination (AP) is particularly sensitive to socioeconomic, academic and family factors.

Procrastinação em uma amostra de 210 estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio de uma instituição de ensino de Salcedo (Equador) com média de M = 13,81 anos e desvio padrão de DP = 1,81 anos. Para isso, foi aplicada a escala de Procrastinação Acadêmica (EPA) e seus resultados foram analisados ​​com fatores como sexo, procedência (urbana / rural), ano acadêmico, situação econômica e atividades extracurriculares (estudo e apoio em empresas familiares ou apenas estudar). Verifica-se que a situação econômica e a ocupação têm uma relação estatisticamente significante (p <, 05) com a procrastinação acadêmica. Sendo que aqueles que têm uma melhor situação econômica procrastinam menos como aqueles que apóiam nas empresas familiares. Por outro lado, verifica-se que a procrastinação varia de acordo com o ano acadêmico. Conclui-se que a PA é sensível a fatores socioeconômicos, acadêmicos e familiares.